Influence of shrub canopy morphology and rainfall characteristics on stemflow within a revegetated sand dune in the Tengger Desert,NW China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Xin‐ping Wang  Ya‐feng Zhang  Zheng‐ning Wang  Yan‐xia Pan  Rui Hu  Xiao‐jun Li  Hao Zhang 《水文研究》2013,27(10):1501-1509

Stemflow of xerophytic shrubs was monitored on event basis within a revegetated sand dune. Quantity of stemflow showed a clear species‐specific dependence in combination with the rainfall characteristics. Results obtained revealed that for ovate‐leaved C. korshinskii with an inverted cone‐shaped canopy and smooth bark, the quantity of stemflow in depth accounted for 7.2% of the individual gross rainfall, while it was 2.0% for needle‐leaved A. ordosica with a cone‐shaped canopy and coarse bark. There were significant positive linear relationships between stemflow and individual gross rainfall and rainfall intensity for the two shrubs. An individual gross rainfall of 1.4 and 1.8 mm was necessary for stemflow generation for C. korshinskii and A. ordosica, respectively. Multiple regression analysis showed that the abiotic and biotic variables including the individual gross rainfall, mean windspeed (WS), canopy height, branch length, and canopy volume have significant influence on stemflow for C. korshinskii, whereas for A. ordosica, the notable influencing variables were individual gross rainfall, stem diameter, and leaf area index. Generally, WS has less effect on stemflow than that of rainfall for A. ordosica. The correlation relationship between individual gross rainfall and funneling ratio showed that the funneling ratio attains its peak when the gross rainfall is 13 and 16 mm for C. korshinskii and A. ordosica, respectively, implying that the canopy morphology emerged as determining factors on funneling ratio decrease when the individual gross rainfall exceeds these values. In comparison, higher WS increased the funneling ratio remarkably for C. korshinskii than A. ordosica due partly to the greater branch length and canopy projection area in C. korshinskii. Funneling ratio can be used as an integrated variable for the effects of canopy morphology and rainfall characteristics on stemflow. The implication of stemflow on water balance and its contribution to sustain the shrubs and the revegetation efforts was discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Ground peak identification in dense shrub areas using large footprint waveform LiDAR and Landsat images     

《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(10):805-824

Large footprint waveform LiDAR data have been widely used to extract tree heights. These heights are typically estimated by subtracting the top height from the ground. Compared to the top height detection, the identification of the ground peak in a waveform is more challenging. This is particularly evident in ground detection in shrub areas, where the reflection of the shrub canopy may significantly overlap with the ground reflection. To tackle this problem, a novel method based on Partial Curve-Fitting (PCF) of the shrub peak was developed to detect the ground peak. Results indicated that the PCF method improves ground identification by 32–42%, compared to existing methods. To offer further improvement, a Multi-Algorithm Integration Classifier (MAIC) was built to fuse multiple ground peak algorithms and selectively apply the best method for each waveform plot. The PCF ground peak identification method along with the MAIC-based fusion is expected to significantly improve ground detection and shrub height estimation, thus assisting biodiversity, forest succession, and carbon sequestration studies, while offering an early example of future multiple algorithm integration.  相似文献   

Post‐glacial vegetation reconstruction and a possible 8200 cal. yr BP event from the low arctic of continental Nunavut,Canada     

Heikki Sepp  Les C. Cwynar  Glen M. MacDonald 《第四纪科学杂志》2003,18(7):621-629

Climate models suggest that the global warming during the early to mid‐Holocene may have partly resulted from the northward advance of the northern treeline and subsequent reduction of the planetary albedo. We investigated the Holocene vegetation history of low arctic continental Nunavut, Canada, from a radiocarbon‐dated sediment core from TK‐2 Lake, a small‐lake ca. 200 km north of the limit of the forest‐tundra. The pollen and loss‐on‐ignition data indicate the presence of dwarf shrub tundra in the region since the beginning of organic sedimentation at ca. 9000 cal. yr BP with dominance of Betula, especially since 8700 cal. yr BP. At 8100–7900 cal. yr BP the dominance of the shrub tundra was punctuated by a transient decline of Betula and coincident increases of Ericaceae undiff., Vaccinium‐type, and Gramineae. This suggests an abrupt disturbance of the Betula glandulosa population, approximately simultaneously with the sudden 8200 cal. yr BP event in the North Atlantic. However, in the absence of other sites studied in the area, linkage to the 8200 cal. yr BP event remains tentative. The lack of any evidence of forest‐tundra in the region constrains the northern limit of the mid‐Holocene advance of the forest‐tundra boundary in central northern Canada. Consequently, our results show that the climate models imposing a mid‐Holocene advance of the limit of the forest‐tundra to the arctic coast of Canada may have overestimated the positive climatic feedback effects that can result from the replacement of tundra by the boreal forest. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

不同气候区灌丛沙堆形态及土壤养分积累特征     

罗维成  赵文智  任珩  刘冰 《中国沙漠》2021,41(2):191-199

灌丛沙堆是干旱、半干旱区绿洲边缘常见景观类型,在绿洲风沙防护及生物多样性保护方面有重要意义。本文对中国西北干旱区不同气候区常见的柽柳（Tamarix chinensis）、泡泡刺（Nitraria sphaerocarpa）和柠条锦鸡儿（Caragana korshinskii）灌丛沙堆形态和养分积累特征进行了对比研究。结果表明：柽柳灌丛沙堆高度、面积和体积显著高于泡泡刺和柠条锦鸡儿灌丛沙堆,泡泡刺灌丛沙堆高度、面积和体积最小。3种灌丛的存在都显著增加了沙堆土壤有机质含量,使灌丛沙堆成为“肥岛”,其中柽柳灌丛沙堆“肥岛”效应最明显。柽柳灌丛沙堆土壤有机质、全碳、全氮和凋落物含量显著高于泡泡刺和柠条锦鸡儿灌丛沙堆。主要原因是柽柳枝条茂密,拦截面积大且凋落物量大,因此沙物质拦截和养分积累能力强于其他两种灌丛。另外,不同气候区沙源和气象条件的差异也可能导致灌丛沙堆形态及养分累积特征不同。  相似文献   

乔木和灌木枝水分传导脆弱性沿降水量递增的分化     

毕敏慧  龚磊  蒋超  姚广前  杨钰婕  方向文 《中国沙漠》2018,38(6):1243-1251

植物枝条失去50%水分传导时对应的水势(ψ50),称为枝的水分传导脆弱性。该指标是反映植物干旱适应能力的关键指标,也决定着植物沿降水梯度的分布。乔木和灌木枝水分传导脆弱性沿降水量递增的变化是否一致,有待揭示。基于已发表的文献,筛选出236种乔木、137种灌木,建立ψ50与分布地年均降水量及分布地干旱指数关系,来确认两大类植物的ψ50沿降水递增的变化的异同。结果表明:乔木和灌木的ψ50均随降水梯度、干旱指数的增加而增加,一元线性回归方程显著;ψ50与降水梯度、干旱指数回归方程的回归系数在乔木和灌木间差异不显著,但同一降水量下,乔木比灌木具有较低的ψ50值。我们认为灌木和乔木枝水分传导脆弱性对降水量和干旱指数递增具有相似的适应性。  相似文献   

Indicators of Great Basin rangeland health     

Amrita G. de Soyza  Justin W. Van Zee  Walter G. Whitford  Anne Neale  Nita Tallent-Hallsel  Jeffrey E. Herrick  Kris M. Havstad 《Journal of Arid Environments》2000,45(4):289

Early-warning indicators of rangeland health can be used to estimate the functional integrity of a site and may allow sustainable management of desert rangelands. The utility of several vegetation canopy-based indicators of rangeland health at 32 Great Basin rangeland locations was investigated. The indicators were originally developed in rangelands of the Chihuahuan Desert. Soil resources are lost through wind and water-driven erosion mainly from areas unprotected by plant canopies (i.e. bare soil). Study sites in Idaho had the smallest bare patches, followed by sites in Oregon. The more arid Great Basin Sagebrush Zone sites in Utah had the largest bare patches. Several vegetational indicators including percent cover by vegetation, percent cover by life-form, percent cover by sagebrush, and percent cover by resilient species were negatively related to mean bare patch size and are potential indicators of Great Basin rangeland condition. Plant community composition and the range of bare patch sizes were different at sites in the three locations in Idaho, Oregon and Utah. Therefore, expected indicator values are location specific and should not be extrapolated to other locations. The condition of study sites were often ranked differently by different indicators. Therefore, the condition of rangeland sites should be evaluated using several indicators.  相似文献   

沙粒粒径组成的空间异质性及其与灌丛大小和土壤风蚀相关性分析   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8  

王利兵  胡小龙  余伟莅  李钢铁  郭建英 《干旱区地理》2006,29(5):688-693

空间异质性是土壤的重要属性之一。采用地统计学的理论和方法,研究了浑善达克沙地沙粒粒径组成的空间异质性。分析结果表明,各粒径的比例具有明显的空间异质性。在于107.30 m范围内,粉沙约有59.3%的空间异质性由随机因素引起的,而由空间自相关部分引起的空间异质性占40.7%;其余的空间异质性很少由随机因素引起的,其空间自相关部分引起的空间异质性占绝大部分。相关性分析表明:灌丛的冠幅越大,越有利于细沙、极细沙和粉沙的截留;各月的风蚀值与沙粒粒径的百分含量的相关性均和各月的平均风速有关。  相似文献   

岷江干旱河谷植被分类及其主要类型   总被引：24，自引：2，他引：24  

关文彬  冶民生  马克明  刘国华  汪西林 《山地学报》2004,22(6):679-686

沿岷江干旱河谷(流域-海拔梯度)剖面线设置“U”形样带3条，对植被和环境因子进行了调查，就岷江干旱河谷调查的48个样方，151个物种创建样地一物种数据库，应用TWINSPAN植被数量分类方法进行分类，并根据中国植被的分类原则和调查的样地物种组成特征，对数量分类的结果进行适度调整，建立了岷江干旱河谷地区植被(生态系统)分类系统。将岷江干旱河谷的植被划分为11个群系，18个群丛，均为灌丛单一类型。11个群系分别为：绣线菊灌丛、小花滇紫草灌丛、黄花亚菊灌丛、莸灌丛、驼绒藜灌丛、小马鞍羊蹄甲-白刺花灌丛、瑞香灌丛、西南野丁香灌丛、檀子栎灌丛、金花小檗-忍冬灌丛、华帚菊-小黄素馨灌丛。  相似文献   

咸潮入侵对长江河口地区地下水质的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

奚建国  邱桢安 《上海国土资源》1991,(1):25-34

长江河口咸潮入侵对上海市自来水源水水质带来不良影响,从而殃及水厂产水质量而不利于生产和市民健康,这在上海市宝山区表现尤为显著。然而,宝山区地下承压含水层水质优良,资源丰富,且水质稳定,不受咸潮入侵影响。经研究,在不产生地面沉降危害等前提条件下,宝山区尚可扩采500万米~3/年优质地下水。  相似文献   

灌木植被分布区阻力特性理论及试验研究   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

陆彦  王唯旭  陆永军  宋云涛  鄢栋梁 《水科学进展》1990,31(4):556-564

为探明河道灌木植被分布区阻水规律，对灌木植被主干、分枝产生的水流阻力特性及其定量特征进行研究。提出原型植被体积修正系数和灌木植被水力半径确定方法，理论推导灌木植被阻力系数计算公式，并结合水槽试验建立植被阻力系数与植被水力半径为特征长度的植被雷诺数之间的关系式。研究结果表明：引入原型植被体积修正系数和灌木植被水力半径使灌木植被阻力计算更为准确；植被阻力系数与植被雷诺数之间呈指数函数关系，随植被雷诺数的增加呈单调减小的趋势，与水槽试验结果吻合很好。  相似文献